Obstetrics Polyhydramnios 23 Mar 20188 Mar 2021 Polyhydramnios is the excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid defined as a single deepest pocket (SDP) of ≥ 8cm or as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≥ 24cm. It affects 1–2% of…
Obstetrics Absent nasal bone 2 Jan 201830 Nov 2020 The ultrasound specialist should be aware that there is a high association between absent nasal bone at 11–13+6 weeks and trisomy 21, as well as other chromosomal abnormalities. The nasal bone…
Obstetrics Complete transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) 10 Nov 201730 Nov 2020 This condition is characterized by atrioventricular concordance and ventriculoarterial discordance, meaning that the pulmonary artery and the aorta arise from the left and right ventricle respectively. Associated findings include possibly…
Obstetrics Double outlet right ventricle 22 Oct 201730 Nov 2020 There are four types of ventriculo-arterial connection: (1) concordant, (2) discordant, (3) double-outlet and (4) single-outlet. Double-outlet is when more than 50% of each great artery is connected to the same…
Obstetrics Fetal premature atrial contractions 20 Oct 201730 Nov 2020 Premature atrial contractions (PACs) are the most common cause of referral for fetal arrhythmia. They are due to atrial ectopic beats and are seen most commonly in the late second…
Obstetrics Interrupted inferior vena cava 16 Oct 201730 Nov 2020 The interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos continuation to the superior vena cava (SVC) arises from a failure to form the right subcardinal–hepatic anastomosis, resulting in absence of the…
Gynaecologia 